steve jobs

 Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (/ˈdʒɒbz/; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American inventor and entrepreneur. He was co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Jobs was co-founder and previously served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of the Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney.

In the late 1970s, Jobs — along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula and others—designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets.

In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd, which was spun off as Pixar Animation Studios.[6] He was credited in Toy Story (1995) as an executive producer. He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1 percent until its acquisition by The Walt Disney Company in 2006,[7] making Jobs Disney's largest individual shareholder at seven percent and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.[8][9] Apple's 1996 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to the company he co-founded, and he served as its interim CEO from 1997, then becoming permanent CEO from 2000, onwards.[10] After resigning as CEO in August 2011, Jobs was elected chairman of Apple's board of directors and held that title until his death. On his death he was widely described as a visionary, pioneer and genius—perhaps one of the foremost—in the field of business, innovation, and product design, and a man who had profoundly changed the face of the modern world, revolutionized at least six different industries, and who was an "exemplar for all chief executives".[citation needed]

On October 5, 2011, Jobs died at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 56. A copy of his death certificate, which was made public on Monday, October 10, indicates he died about 3 p.m. on October 5 and listed respiratory arrest as the immediate cause of death, with "metastatic pancreas neuroendocrine tumor" as the underlying cause. His occupation was listed as “entrepreneur” in the “high tech” business. The cancer had been diagnosed seven years earlier.[11]

    * 1 Early years
    * 2 Career
          o 2.1 Apple Computer
          o 2.2 NeXT Computer
          o 2.3 Pixar and Disney
          o 2.4 Return to Apple
          o 2.5 Resignation
    * 3 Business life
          o 3.1 Wealth
          o 3.2 Stock options backdating issue
          o 3.3 Management style
          o 3.4 Inventions
          o 3.5 Philanthropy
    * 4 Personal life
          o 4.1 Health
                + 4.1.1 2008 development
                + 4.1.2 2009 Liver transplant
                + 4.1.3 2011 medical leave and resignation
    * 5 Death
    * 6 Honors and public recognition
    * 7 Criticism
    * 8 Portrayals and coverage in media
    * 9 References
    * 10 Further reading
    * 11 External links
          o 11.1 Articles
          o 11.2 Interviews





Jobs was born in San Francisco to Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, a Syrian, and Joanne Carole Schieble (later Simpson), an American of Swiss and German ancestry,[12] both graduate students.[13] Jobs was placed for adoption after Schieble's father opposed their marriage.[14] Schieble became a speech language pathologist[15] while Jandali taught political science at several colleges. He is currently vice president of Boomtown Casino and Hotel in Reno, Nevada.[16][17] Schieble and Jandali married in December 1955 four months after her father died and ten months after giving up their baby boy. Their daughter, Jobs' biological sister, novelist Mona Simpson was born in 1957. Schieble and Jandali divorced in 1962. The siblings first met in 1984, and kept their relationship a secret until 1986.[15] They enjoyed a close adult relationship, with Jobs regularly visiting Simpson in Manhattan. From Simpson, Jobs learned more about their birth parents and he invited his biological mother Joanne to some events.[18][5] Jandali's attempts, late in his life, to contact Jobs were unsuccessful;[19] Interviewed in August 2011 when Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, Jandali said, "I just wish I hadn't been the selfish man I must have been, to allow both my children to turn their backs on me and pray it is not too late to tell Steve how I feel."[20][21]

Jobs was adopted by the family of Paul Jobs and Clara Jobs (née Hagopian) who moved to Mountain View, California when he was five years old.[1][2] Paul and Clara later adopted a daughter, Patti. Paul Jobs, a machinist for a company that made lasers, taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands.[1] His adoptive mother was an accountant.[15] Asked in a 1995 interview what he wanted to pass on to his children, Jobs replied, "Just to try to be as good a father to them as my father was to me. I think about that every day of my life." When asked about his "adoptive parents," Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs "were my parents." [15]
Waist-high portrait of man in his fifties wearing a black turtle-neck shirt and blue jeans, gesturing in front of a blue curtain
Steve Jobs at the WWDC 07

Jobs attended Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California.[2] He frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Steve Wozniak as a summer employee.[22] Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Although he dropped out after only one semester,[23] he continued auditing classes at Reed, while sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple.[24] Jobs later said, "If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts."[24]

In 1974, Jobs took a job as a technician at Atari, Inc.,[2] a manufacturer of video games, with the primary intent of saving money for a spiritual retreat to India.[citation needed]

Jobs then traveled to India to visit Neem Karoli Baba[25] at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later, an early Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment. He came back a Buddhist with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing.[26][27] During this time, Jobs experimented with psychedelics, calling his LSD experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life".[28] He later said that people around him who did not share his countercultural roots could not fully relate to his thinking.[28]

Jobs returned to Atari and was given the task of creating a circuit board for the game Breakout. According to Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little interest in or knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the bonus evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line. According to Wozniak, Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 (instead of the offered $5,000) and that Wozniak's share was thus $350.[29]

Jobs began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak in 1975.[2] He greatly admired Edwin H. Land, the inventor of instant photography and founder of Polaroid Corporation, and explicitly modeled his career after him.

Apple Computer
See also: History of Apple

In 1976, Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne founded Apple,[32] with later funding from a then-semi-retired Intel product-marketing manager and engineer A.C. "Mike" Markkula Jr..[33] Prior to co-founding Apple, Wozniak was an electronics hacker. Jobs and Wozniak met in 1971, when their mutual friend, Bill Fernandez, introduced 21-year-old Wozniak to 16-year-old Jobs. Friends for several years, Jobs managed to interest Wozniak in assembling a computer and selling it.[34] As Apple continued to expand, the company began looking for an experienced executive to help manage its expansion.
Two men in their fifties shown full length sitting in red leather chairs smiling at each other
Steve Jobs and Bill Gates at the fifth D: All Things Digital conference (D5) in 2007

In 1978, Apple recruited Mike Scott from National Semiconductor to serve as CEO for what turned out to be several turbulent years. In 1983, Jobs lured John Sculley away from Pepsi-Cola to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, "Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or do you want to come with me and change the world?"[35] Apple president Mike Markkula also wanted to retire and believed that Jobs lacked the discipline and temperament needed to run Apple on a daily basis and that Sculley's conventional business background and recent successes would give a more favorable image.[citation needed]

In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh.[36][37]

The following year, Apple aired a Super Bowl television commercial titled "1984". At Apple's annual shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience; Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium".[38] The Macintosh became the first commercially successful small computer with a graphical user interface.

While Jobs was a persuasive and charismatic director for Apple, some of his employees from that time described him as an erratic and temperamental manager. An industry-wide sales slump towards the end of 1984, caused a deterioration in Jobs' working relationship with Sculley as well as layoffs and disappointing sales performance. An internal power struggle developed between Jobs and Sculley.[39] Jobs kept meetings running past midnight, sent out lengthy faxes, then called new meetings at 7:00 am.[40]

The Apple board of directors instructed Sculley to "contain" Jobs and limit his ability to launch expensive forays into untested products.[citation needed] Sculley learned that Jobs - believing Sculley to be "bad for Apple" and the wrong person to lead the company - had been attempting to organize a boardroom coup,[39] and on May 24, 1985[39] he called a board meeting to resolve the matter. Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and removed Jobs from his managerial duties as head of the Macintosh division.[41][42] Jobs resigned from Apple five months later[39] and founded NeXT Inc. the same year.[43][40]

Jobs later claimed that being fired from Apple was the best thing that could have happened to him; "The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.



Apple chairman and former CEO Steve Jobs has died after a long struggle with pancreatic cancer. There are no other details of his death at this time. He was 56 years old. We mourn his passing, and our hearts and prayers go out to him and his family.

Jobs founded Apple Computing with Steve Wozniak and Mike Markkula in the late 1970s, is responsible for the creation of the technology that has changed out lives, such as the iPhone, the iPad, the Apple Macintosh line of computers and a number of other innovations that have revolutionized the way we work, play, and interact.

Jobs also played a key role in the success of computer animation with the development of Pixar. He purchased the company in the late 1990s and was acting CEO through one of the most successful times in the company's history, producing several Pixar classics such as Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Cars, WALL-E, and Toy Story 3.

I grew up using the computers that he invented, and I still continue to use them to this day. Jobs was a freakin' genius. Plain and simple... Jobs was instrumental in changing the world that we live in. He left behind a great legacy, and he'll be missed.Source URL: https://latestimagesdaily.blogspot.com/2011/10/steve-jobs.html
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